Crabs and Beer!

On this day in 1932, In Washington, D.C., troops disperse the last of the “Bonus Army” of World War I veterans using arson, bayonets, sabers, tanks, tear gas, and vomit gas.

The Bonus Army, a group of 43,000 demonstrators—17,000 veterans of U.S. involvement in World War I, their families, and affiliated groups—gathered in Washington, D.C., in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service-bonus certificates. Many of the war veterans had been out of work during the early years of the Great Depression. The World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924 had awarded all U.S. World War I veterans “bonuses” in the form of certificates which they could not redeem until 1945. Each certificate, issued to a qualified veteran soldier, bore a face value equal to the soldier’s promised payment with compound interest. The principal demand of the Bonus Army was the immediate cash payment of their certificates.

At 4:45 pm, commanded by MacArthur, the 12th Infantry Regiment and the 3rd Cavalry Regiment, supported by five M1917 light tanks commanded by Patton, formed in Pennsylvania Avenue while thousands of civil service employees left work to line the street and watch. The Bonus Marchers, believing the troops were marching in their honor, cheered the troops until Patton ordered the cavalry to charge them.

The veterans fled across the Anacostia River to their largest camp, and Hoover ordered the assault stopped. MacArthur chose to ignore the president and ordered a new attack, claiming that the Bonus March was an attempt to overthrow the US government. 55 veterans were injured and 135 arrested.

The Bonus Army camp

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Today is the birthday, in 1933, of American musician, and singer-songwriter Randy Sparks. He was the founder of The New Christy Minstrels and The Back Porch Majority. The New Christy Minstrels 1962 debut album, Presenting the New Christy Minstrels, won a Grammy Award and remained on the Billboard 200 albums chart for two years. Sparks also wrote ‘Saturday Night in Toledo, Ohio’, which was recorded and made famous by John Denver. He died in San Diego on 11 February 2024 at the age of 90. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfxgbsXeTdE

On this day in 1794, Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 “enemies of the Revolution”. He was executed the following day without trial.

He was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognized as one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution. Robespierre fervently campaigned for the voting rights of all men. Additionally, he advocated the right to petition, the right to bear arms in self-defense, and the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade.

A radical Jacobin leader, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the National Convention in September 1792, and in July 1793, he was appointed a member of the Committee of Public Safety. Robespierre faced growing disillusionment with other revolutionaries which led him to argue for the harsh measures of the Reign of Terror.

A deeply divisive figure during his lifetime, Robespierre’s views and policies continue to evoke controversy. His legacy has been heavily influenced by his actual and perceived participation in repression of the Revolution’s opponents, but he is notable for his progressive views for the time.

Terracotta bust of Robespierre by Deseine, 1791 (Musée de la Révolution française)

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So true…

Amish win the lottery…

Fortune cookie…

Today is the birthday, in 1944, of Bobbie Gentry, US singer, songwriter, notable as one of the first female country artists to compose and produce her own material. Gentry rose to international fame with her intriguing Southern Gothic narrative ‘Ode to Billie Joe’ in 1967. The track spent four weeks at No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and sold over three million copies all over the world. Her album Fancy brought her a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nv33eaygVDQ

On this day in 1847, Brigham Young led 148 Mormon settlers into Salt Lake Valley, leading to the establishment of Salt Lake City. Once settled in Utah, he ordered the construction of numerous temples, including the Salt Lake Temple. He also formalized the prohibition of black men attaining priesthood.

After arriving in Utah, Young established the State of Deseret before being appointed Utah’s first territorial governor by President Millard Fillmore in 1850. As governor, Young allowed polygamy, supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. He exerted considerable power over the territory through his theocratic political system, theodemocracy.

A polygamist, Young had 56 wives and 57 children. His teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. His legacy and impact are seen throughout the American West, including numerous memorials, temples, and schools named in his honor. In 2016, Young was estimated to have around 30,000 descendants.

Young photographed by Charles Roscoe Savage, 1855

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Misogyny in ads from years gone by…mostly

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Here’s Santana! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Whgn_iE5uc

Today is the birthday, in 1892, of Haile Selassie I (born Ras Tafari Makonnen or Lij Tafari. He was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as the Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) under Empress Zewditu between 1916 and 1930.

Widely considered to be a defining figure in modern Ethiopian history, he is accorded divine importance in Rastafari, a religion that emerged in the 1930s. A few years before he began his reign over the Ethiopian Empire, Selassie defeated Ethiopian army commander Ras Gugsa Welle Bitul, nephew of Empress Taytu Betul, at the Battle of Anchem. He belonged to the Solomonic dynasty, founded by Emperor Yekuno Amlak in 1270.

As an internationalist, Selassie led Ethiopia’s accession to the United Nations. In 1963, he presided over the formation of the Organisation of African Unity, the precursor of the African Union, and served as its first chairman. Among adherents of Rastafari, Selassie is called the returned Jesus, although he was an adherent of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church himself.

Selassie in 1970

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Today is the birthday, in 1971, of Alison Krauss, bluegrass-country singer, songwriter and fiddler. She released her first solo album in 1987 and then was invited to join the band with which she still performs, Alison Krauss and Union Station. Winner of 1996 Rolling Stone’s critic’s choice best country artist. Krauss recorded Raising Sand with Robert Plant in 2007 which was nominated for and won 5 Grammys at the 51st Grammy Awards. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94h2L9oBOHM

On this day in 1921, The Battle of Annual was fought at Annual, in northeastern Morocco, between the Spanish Army and Riffian Berbers during the Rif War. The Spanish suffered a major military defeat, which is almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual and is widely considered to be the worst defeat ever suffered by the modern Spanish Army.

It resulted in major political crises, the fall of several governments, a military dictatorship led by Miguel Primo de Rivera, the abdication of King Alfonso XIII and a complete reassessment of the Spanish colonial policy toward the Rif as the entire Spanish colonial enterprise was at one point threatened. The Spaniards may have lost up to 22,000 soldiers at Annual and in the subsequent fighting.

Berbers carrying captured rifles. A Spanish Mauser and a French Berthier Carbine

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I meant to post this yesterday, but here it is… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbI_awR4CKE