Today is the Day of Peace and Reconciliation in Mozambique – a public holiday. The holiday marks the official end of the civil war on this day in 1992.
You can often get a sense of the trauma that a country has gone through in its history by looking at its public holidays. In the case of Mozambique, this is especially true with four public holidays charting the country’s long and violent struggle for independence from Portugal. Weapons on the country’s flag might be another indicator.
In 1976, Mozambique was still recovering from the struggle for independence, when the new FRELIMO (The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique) government fought against the opposition RENAMO (Mozambican National Resistance). After ousting the Portuguese, FRELIMO had instigated a one-party Marxist state, which was resisted by the anti-communist RENAMO rebels, supported by the Rhodesian secret service and South Africa’s apartheid-era military.
The war was a devastating conflict that killed an estimated one million people, with 1.7 million Mozambicans becoming refugees in neighboring countries. Though no side was able to win a decisive victory, the change from Marxism to capitalism by the government after the collapse of the Soviet Union, enabled movements towards ending the war. On October 4th 1992, the government and RENAMO signed the General Peace Accord (GPA) in Rome, Italy, officially ending the Mozambican civil war.
Talking to kids…
No good birthdays today but tomorrow marks the death, in 1880, of Jacques Offenbach, the French composer responsible for much wonderful music including the excerpt from his opera, Orpheus in the Underworld, performed here by a delightfully unconventional orchestra. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU0IyxvcH4E
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